每日一翻：2014 Nobel Prize in Physics

“This year’s prize is about light.” Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Permanent Secretary Staffan Normark.瑞典皇家科学院常任秘书长Staffan Normark说，“今年的诺贝尔物理学奖是关于光学的”。

“The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics to Professor Isamu Akasaki at Meijo University, Nagoya, and  Nagoya University, Japan; Professor Hiroshi Amano at Nagoya University, Japan; and Professor Shuji Nakamuraat University of California, Santa Barbara, for the invention of efficient blue light–emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources. Professor Per Delsing will now give us a short summary.”

“瑞典皇家科学院决定将2014年诺贝尔物理学奖授予日本名城大学和名古屋大学的赤崎勇教授、名古屋大学的天野浩和美国加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉分校的中村修二，以表彰他们在发明一种新型高效节能白色光源方面的贡献，即蓝色发光二极管(LED)。Per Delsing教授稍后将为我们进行简短的总结。”

“Red and green LEDs have been around for many years, but the blue was really missing. This lamp contains three LEDs: one red, one green and one blue. If you combine these colors you get white light. This is something that Isaac Newton showed already in 1671. Thanks to the blue LED, we can now get white light sources which have very high energy efficiency and very long lifetime. This LED technology is now replacing older technologies. In fact, many of you carry this technology in your pocket. The flashlight and also the screen of modern smartphones uses LED technology.”

“红色和绿色发光二极管已经伴随我们好多年，但是蓝色的还一直没有。这种灯包含三种发光二极管：一个红色，一个绿色和一个蓝色的。如果把这三种光合在一起就会发出白光。这是牛顿在1671牛就得到的结论。得益于蓝色发光二极管，我们现在有了发光效率特别高并且寿命特别长的白色光源。这种发光二极管技术正在替代老的技术。事实上，许多人都把这种技术揣在口袋里。手电筒和现代智能手机的屏幕都是应用的发光二极管技术。”For a more in-depth listen about the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics, look for the Scientific American Science Talk podcast later this morning.

想更深的了解2014诺贝尔物理学奖，请关注今天早晨《科学美国人》稍后推出的科学讲座。

—Steve Mirsky