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每日一翻:Snake DNA Left in Bite ID’s Serpent Assailant

Snakes still kill tens of thousands of people each year. Giving the antidote quickly can be the difference between life and death. But many bite victims cannot identify the species of their slithering assailants. Which leaves health care workers to make educated guesses about treatment.
现如今,每年依然会有数万人被蛇杀死。生与死只在于能否及时服用解药。但是在许多被咬事故中都无法识别攻击者的物种。这只能让医护工作者根据经验对治疗作出推测。
Now a first-of-its-kind study finds that it’s possible to analyze snake DNA left in the victim’s wound to identify the snake—and thus the correct antivenom. The preliminary findings were presented November 4th at the annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in New Orleans. [Sanjib K. Sharma et al, Use of clinical predictors and molecular diagnosis to identify the species responsible for snakebite in rural Nepal]
现在,一项史无前例的研究发现通过分析留在受害者伤口处蛇的DNA可能能够识别蛇的种类,然后作出正确的治疗。初步的研究结果发表于11月4日美国热带医学和卫生学会在新奥尔良的年度会议上。
Researchers collected samples from fang wounds from 749 people at three health centers in Nepal. They isolated snake DNA, sequenced it and compared it to sequences in a snake DNA database. Ultimately they managed to identify snakes responsible for 194 bites, 87 of which had harmful venom.
研究者们在尼泊尔的三个健康中心,从749个被毒牙咬过的人的伤口中收集样本。他们分离蛇的DNA,然后序列化,然后拿它与蛇的DNA数据库作比对。最终他们确切的识别出蛇造成的叮咬194次,其中87种是有害毒素。
Such intricate genetic analysis is still not available in most settings, but could lead to speedier diagnostic methods for bite victims. The research team hopes to devise a fast test that would at least rule out certain common venomous snakes. The test would analyze DNA along bite marks and scan it for telltale signs of specific poisonous predators.
这种复杂的基因分析在大多数方面还是不可行,但是可以为咬伤事故找出快速诊断方法。研究小组希望相除一种至少会排除某些常见的毒蛇的快速的测试方法。测试将要分析咬痕周围的DNA并且扫描特定的有毒的食肉动物迹象。
—Dina Fine Maron

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